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There is a bewildering away of recording equipment available to record your interviews, focus groups, conferences etc. for later transcription, but this article aims to inform you on the different features available for recorders, what they're for and how the will (or won't) be of use to you, as someone who is recording for transcription. There is an enormous price range from less th

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

an ?50 to hundreds of pounds, and this article aims to explain indicate which features cost more and what to look out for. The different features are first listed and then explained, and this should allow you to choose a machine that's right for you and your transcriptionist. As any visit to a good website or shop selling these machines will show you, this is not a comprehensive list

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

It's a lost of the most important aspects from a transcription point of view.

The different features are:

Recording quality
Frequency response
Amount of recording time
Computer interface
File type
Editing of recorded voice e.g. rewinding and adding or deleting some words
How is the recorder powered?
Dimensions
Microphone jack <

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

i>Links with a speech recognition software

Recording quality will normally be indicated as SHQ - stereo high quality, HQ - high quality, SP (short play) and LP (long play). SHQ is the best quality (and stereo of course) but will take up the most memory, so you will be able to record less at this setting. LP is the poorest quality but you can record more time. Mono is pro

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

ably perfectly adequate for an interview, but if you're recording a number of different people e.g. at a meeting, conference or focus group, it might be useful to have stereo recording. To use stereo you will need a stereo microphone or more than one external microphone.

The different recording qualities relate to different frequency responses. The human ear picks up audio in

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

the range of between approximately 20 Hz and 20 kHz. But what are the most used frequencies in speech? I'd love to know but a quick Google search gives an unbelievable range of answers! I think it's fairly safe to say it's somewhere around 250 Hz to 5 kHz, with the higher end being a high-pitched woman's voice and the lower end being a low-pitched man. So it's around those ranges th

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

t you need to be looking. There is a wide range of different frequencies available in different recording machines but frankly most will record a one-to-one or one-to-two interview to acceptable quality at SP, and possibly even at LP.

The amount of recording time will depend on which recording quality you choose, and again the range of times is enormous, so you really need t

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

think about what your needs are. You might need a long recording time if you're going to be researching 'in the field' for significant lengths of time, with no access to your PC to download files, or if you are recording a conference, especially if you want to use a high quality recording for this, which will mean you have less time. If, however, you are recording notes or dictation

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

or one-to-one interviews, and can regularly download information onto your PC, there is no need to save vast amounts of data onto the machine. It is probably this factor that creates the biggest price differences, so think carefully and don't buy a machine that gives you hours more time than you need.

The computer interface is a really important consideration. If you are pla

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

nning to send the recordings to a transcriptionist to be transcribed you will need to download them onto your PC first. They can then either be emailed (if small enough, see file type section), transferred by FTP, or in some cases, including my company Penguin Transcription, sent using a file-sending box on the transcriptionist's website. Even if you plan to transcribe the files your

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

elf it is a tedious business if you have to do this directly from the 'note taker' as recorders that don't have a download interface are sometimes called. Ideally the recorder will link to your PC with a USB interface, usually requiring no extra software or drivers. Alternatively it might link through a port and come with a CD containing the relevant drivers.

The file type is

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

another very important consideration and is perhaps the one that is most often overlooked. Examples are WAV (uncompressed, great quality but enormous), WMA (Windows Media format, compressed but reasonable quality for voice), DSS (Olympus proprietary transcription file, very compressed but specially designed for voice so good quality). These are just a few examples and you can see det

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

ils of a wider range of file types in my separate article on this site 'Digital File Types for Audio Transcription'. If you plan to send your files to a transcriptionist for transcription you will ideally want files that are reasonably small and can be emailed, although there are various ways of sending much larger files over the net. WAV files will not only take a long time to send,

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

they will take up a lot of space on your PC, and on your recorder. DSS or DVF files for instance, are much more convenient as they are small and compact, can be emailed without being blocked by the server, and are delivered quickly.

Editing of recorded voice will probably be more important if you are using the machine to take dictation rather than an interview. When dictatin

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

a letter you may want to go back and delete the last few words and replace them with something else. The recorders at the mid to upper end of the price-range usually have this feature but if it's important to you it's worth checking to make sure as they by no means all have it.

How is the recorder powered? Most recorders are battery powered but if you're gong to be using yo

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

r recorder significantly it's worth checking that you can use rechargeable batteries, from an environmental and cost perspective! It's also a consideration if dimensions are important to you. In particular the batteries can add considerably to the weight. Most modern recording machines are fairly light and quite discreet though. If weight is a concern make sure that the weight

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

listed includes the batteries.

Whether or not the recorder has a microphone jack is an important consideration, as is the quality of mike that it allows you to plug in. Really for anything but one-person dictation an external microphone is a necessity. Recording an interview with only the machine's internal microphone is likely to give disappointing results. A poor recording

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

will lead, at worst, to a poor transcription, and at best to an expensive transcription, as it will take longer to complete! If you are recording a conference you will need more than one mike, or a stereo microphone, as already mentioned.

Some recorders link with speech recognition software. As yet this type of software is really only of use for one-voice recording e.g. dicta

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

ion of notes. Even then you will need to spend some time and energy 'training' the software to recognise your voice, and then carefully check the transcript as it will doubtless be ridden with mistakes, especially on homophones (words that sound the same but are spelt differently.) However, if you are going to use one of these packages then a feature that links your recorder directly

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

to it is a useful addition.

This list is only the most important features in my opinion for transcription of interviews, dictation, focus groups and conferences. It does not cover the recording of music which requires a much wider frequency range and a number of other specialist considerations, but I hope that it is helpful for those embarking on research that requires transcription

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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